Runaway and Homeless Youth

Every year, countless young people in Tompkins County face homelessness, are forced to leave their homes, or run away. These challenges impact not only urban areas but also suburban and rural communities. Many youths in these situations are seeking refuge from abuse, neglect, or family conflict.

Adolescents experiencing homelessness are still in critical stages of physical and emotional development. Without stable housing, they are at greater risk of not completing their education, struggling to build life skills, and facing barriers to employment. On the streets, they are more likely to encounter violence, battle mental health issues, use substances, or engage in survival behaviors like trading sex for basic necessities.

The efforts led by TCYSD to address the needs of runaway and homeless youth are guided by these core principles:

  • Supporting runaway and homeless youth is central to TCYSD’s commitment to ensuring the safety, stability, and overall well-being of young people, families, and communities throughout Tompkins County.
  • Youth who experience housing instability are among the most vulnerable, often having endured multiple traumas. They deserve holistic, individualized services that address their unique needs.
  • Housing instability can affect anyone. Effective programs and policies are inclusive of all young people, regardless of their age, race, ethnicity, cultural background, gender identity, sexual orientation, or other experiences.

Are you looking for support services or youth agencies? Click here to visit our Youth Support Services page.

Tompkins County Homeless Youth

Youth homelessness in Tompkins County has seen a concerning rise over the past few years, as reported by the New York State Education Department using data from the Student Information Repository System (SIRS). Between 2021 and 2022, the number of homeless youth in the county tripled, jumping from 71 in 2021 to 227 in 2022. This upward trend continued into 2023, with the total reaching 232. Earlier data from 2020 indicated 92 homeless youth, showing that the issue has significantly worsened in recent years.

Graph of Tompkins County homeless youth from 2020-2023 showing an increase from 92 in 2020 to 232 in 2023

Definitions of Homeless Youth

OCFS:

Student who lacks a fixed, regular, and adequate nighttime residence, including a student who is sharing the housing of other persons due to a loss of housing, economic hardship, or similar reason; living in motels, hotels, trailer parks or camping grounds due to the lack of alternative adequate accommodations; abandoned in hospitals; or a migratory child, as defined in subsection 2 of section 1309 of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965, as amended, who qualifies as homeless under any of the above provisions; or has a primary nighttime location that is a supervised publicly or privately operated shelter designed to provide temporary living accommodations including, but not limited to, shelters operated or approved by the State or local department of social services, and residential programs for runaway and homeless youth established pursuant to article 19H of the executive law or a public or private place not designed for, or ordinarily used as, a regular sleeping accommodation for human beings, including a car, park, public space, abandoned building, substandard housing, bus, train stations, or similar setting. Homeless students do not include children in foster care placements or who are receiving educational services pursuant to subdivision four, five, six, six-a, or seven of Education Law §3202 or pursuant to article 81, 85, 87, or 88 of Education Law.

Office of Temporary and Disability Assistance:

A homeless person is defined as an un-domiciled person (whether alone or as a member of a family) who is unable to secure permanent and stable housing without special assistance, as determined by the Commissioner of the Office of Temporary and Disability Assistance.

Housing and Urban Development:

Category 1: Literal Homelessness Individuals and families who live in a place not meant for human habitation (including the streets or in their car), emergency shelter, transitional housing, and hotels paid for by a government or charitable organization.

Category 2: Imminent Risk of Homelessness Individuals or families who will lose their primary nighttime residence within 14 days and has no other resources or support networks to obtain other permanent housing.

Category 3: Homeless Under Other Statutes Unaccompanied youth under 25 years of age, or families with children and youth, who do not meet any of the other categories but are homeless under other federal statutes, have not had a lease and have moved 2 or more times in the past 60 days and are likely to remain unstable because of special needs or barriers.

Category 4: Fleeing Domestic Violence Individuals or families who are fleeing or attempting to flee domestic violence, dating violence, sexual assault, or stalking and who lack resources and support networks to obtain other permanent housing.

Youth Homelessness Demonstration Program (YHDP)

The U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) created YHDP to reduce youth homelessness. YHDP aims to assist selected communities—rural, suburban, and urban—across the United States in developing and implementing a coordinated approach to preventing and ending youth homelessness. HUD is also dedicated to sharing insights from YHDP communities and encouraging nationwide collaboration toward this goal. In 2019, YHDP awarded Tompkins County $2.0 million to support its efforts.

Click here to view the Ithaca/Tompkins Coordinated Community Plan 2022.

McKinney-Vento Rights

McKinney-Vento rights are the rights of children and youth experiencing homelessness to receive a free public education. 

The McKinney-Vento Homeless Assistance Act was passed in 1987 and most recently reauthorized in 2015 that guarantees these rights:

  • Immediate enrollment: Students can enroll in school immediately, even if they don't have all the required documents 
  • Transportation: Students can receive transportation to and from school 
  • School of origin: Students can attend their school of origin or the local school 
  • Comparable services: Students receive the same educational services as other students 
  • No segregation: Students can attend school with other students, and segregation based on homelessness is prohibited 
  • Removal of barriers: States and school districts must remove barriers to enrollment and school success 

Click here to view the McKinney-Vento Act: Homeless Education Fact Sheet.

 

If you are experiencing a mental health emergency, please dial 911 or 988 for immediate assistance.